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          作为编译领域从业者，应该创造什么价值?
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<p>写在前面:<br>偶然间看到龙芯的公众号推送有这样一段话: “开源软件世界最重要的五大基础软件（BIG FIVE），即 Linux 内核、GCC、LLVM、Glibc、Binutils，都已发布了支持 LoongArch 架构的版本.”<br>不禁在想作为PLC (Program Language &amp; Complier) 从业者, 能够创造什么有益的价值?</p>
</blockquote>
<blockquote>
<p>看了 Programming Language Pragmatics 发现认识还是太浅薄了, 还要很多有意思的内容呢!</p>
</blockquote>
<span id="more"></span>


<p>既然产业有需求，就应该重视这五个领域， 在研究的过程中加深对其认识.<br>先在使用层面搞清楚， 正确&#x2F;高效的使用， 站在巨人的肩膀上干活<br>再搞清楚实现，针对不同的后端架构能做实现<br>再做优化，知道哪些存在不足，实现对应的优化</p>
<p>先僵化, 再优化, 再固化.</p>
<h1 id="Program-Language-amp-Compiler-研究范畴"><a href="#Program-Language-amp-Compiler-研究范畴" class="headerlink" title="Program Language &amp; Compiler 研究范畴"></a>Program Language &amp; Compiler 研究范畴</h1><p>PLC 问题的研究范畴 可以按照程序的生命期分下类, 划分为 translate time 和 runtime.<br>维基百科上对program 的 lifecycle phase做了细致的分类:<br><strong>edit time &#x3D;&gt; [compile time &#x3D;&gt; link time &#x3D;&gt; Distribution time &#x3D;&gt; installation time &#x3D;&gt; load time] &#x3D;&gt; run time.</strong><br>中间的一大段我自己总结为 <strong>translate time</strong> 负责把 high level language 翻译为某种 low level language. 任何将代码从一种计算机语言转换为另一种计算机语言的东西是Translator.</p>
<h2 id="Translate-Time"><a href="#Translate-Time" class="headerlink" title="Translate Time"></a>Translate Time</h2><p><strong>Translate time</strong>的问题: translator 研究如何把高级语言高效地翻译为高效的低级语言. 这里的低级语言既可以是像C语言的那种native 二进制文件, 也可以指 Java 和 python 的 bytecode.</p>
<h2 id="Run-Time"><a href="#Run-Time" class="headerlink" title="Run Time"></a>Run Time</h2><p><strong>Run time</strong>的问题: runtime负责为程序执行提供环境. 具体怎么回事取决于上一步的操作如何: 分为 Directly run&#x2F; Interpretation run 两种.<br><img src="/../images/runtime-system.png" alt="image.png"></p>
<p>Directly run好理解, 编译好的二进制代码直接执行就行了, 至于动态链接等操作就是后面衍生出的一些tricks.</p>
<p>Interpretation run 也有一些提升性能的tricks: AOT(ahead-of-time compilation)&#x2F; JIT(在解释期间对热点代码翻译为native code). 对于某些语言（例如Java），首先使用字节码编译器编制应用程序，并以与机器无关的中间表示形式进行交付。字节码解释器执行字节码，但是当需要提高性能时，JIT编译器将将字节码转换为机器代码。</p>
<p>按照在Translate time 编译为二进制的程度 以及run time 解释执行的开销程度, 对不同的语言做一个划分:<br><img src="/../images/plc.png" alt="plc.png"><br>按照目前我的认知, 似乎所有的编程语言都是在program的 <strong>执行效率</strong> 与 <strong>不同ISA通用执行性</strong> 之间做一个权衡的设计结果.</p>
<h1 id="Research-Topic"><a href="#Research-Topic" class="headerlink" title="Research Topic"></a>Research Topic</h1><p>具体而言, 研究的topic可以包括:</p>
<ul>
<li>edit time可以研究重构&#x2F;静态分析;</li>
<li>translation time 可以研究 代码质量&#x2F;效率&#x2F;并行等话题;</li>
<li>runtime 可以研究 性能优化&#x2F; 可拓展性(arch拓展)&#x2F; 并行调度.</li>
<li>高级程序设计语言的实现&amp;优化</li>
<li>针对计算机体系结构的设计 &amp; 软件定义硬件(AI 处理器体系结构设计)</li>
<li>程序翻译</li>
<li>软件生产率工具</li>
</ul>
<p><strong>编译领域从业者应该对上面的流程负责. 而program的编写应该由其他开发者负责.</strong></p>
<p>很有意思的文章:<br><a target="_blank" rel="noopener" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Program_lifecycle_phase">https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Program_lifecycle_phase</a><br><a target="_blank" rel="noopener" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Execution_(computing)">https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Execution_(computing)</a><br><a target="_blank" rel="noopener" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Compiler#Compiled_versus_interpreted_languages">Compiler#Compiled_versus_interpreted_languages</a></p>

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